Immunology

Immunology is the branch of biology and medicine that studies the immune system — the body’s defense system against infections and diseases. It focuses on how the body recognizes and fights harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Immunology also examines immune cells (such as white blood cells), organs like the bone marrow and lymph nodes, and molecules like antibodies. It helps scientists understand allergies, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and how vaccines protect us from illness.

In simple terms, immunology explains how your body protects you and what happens when that protection doesn’t work properly.